The Power of Legal Certainty in the Trademark Exhaustion Principle Governing Parallel Imports

The exhaustion doctrine in intellectual property law refers to the limitation imposed on rights of owners enforce their after a particular point sale. It creates framework for determining legality parallel imports and helps balance interests consumers. This paper presents comparative study trademark principle import between European Union (EU) Indonesia. investigates legal practical application these concepts both jurisdictions. uses normative research method approach analyze describe frameworks different findings indicate that EU has well-defined threshold rights, which is aligned with regional principle. In contrast, Indonesian system lacks clarity this principle, confusion uncertainty importers. Last, also provides insights policymakers, practitioners, academics who are interested current development.